15 Foods You Should Never Give Your Dog – And Why They’re Toxic

Dogs have different metabolisms than humans, and many common foods we enjoy can be toxic, even deadly for them. To keep your pet safe, avoid feeding these harmful foods at all costs.

When it comes to feeding your dog, it’s important to know which human foods are safe and which ones can be toxic. Some common foods that people eat can cause serious health problems for dogs, ranging from mild gastrointestinal upset to severe poisoning. Below is a list of foods that you should never give your dog because they are toxic:

15 Foods You Should Never Give Your Dog

1. Chocolate

• Why It’s Toxic : Chocolate contains two substances—theobromine and caffeine —that dogs cannot metabolize effectively. These compounds stimulate the central nervous system and cardiovascular system, leading to toxicity.
• Symptoms : Vomiting, diarrhea, rapid breathing, increased heart rate, tremors, seizures, and in severe cases, death.
• Most Toxic Types : Dark chocolate, unsweetened baking chocolate, and cocoa powder pose the highest risk due to their high theobromine content.
• What to Do : If your dog eats chocolate, calculate the amount ingested based on its weight and seek immediate veterinary care.

2. Grapes and Raisins

• Why They’re Toxic : The exact toxin in grapes and raisins remains unknown, but they are known to cause acute kidney failure in dogs.
• Symptoms : Vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, dehydration, and decreased urination.
• Note : Even a single grape or raisin can be harmful, so it’s best to avoid them entirely.

3. Onions, Garlic, and Chives

• Why They’re Toxic : These foods contain sulfur compounds that damage a dog’s red blood cells, leading to hemolytic anemia .
• Symptoms : Weakness, vomiting, diarrhea, difficulty breathing, and jaundice (yellowing of gums or eyes).
• Forms to Avoid : Raw, cooked, powdered, or dehydrated forms of onions and garlic are all dangerous.

4. Xylitol (Sugar Substitute)

• Why It’s Toxic : Xylitol is a sugar alcohol commonly used in sugar-free products like gum, candy, baked goods, and peanut butter. It triggers a rapid release of insulin in dogs, causing hypoglycemia (low blood sugar).
• Symptoms : Vomiting, weakness, seizures, liver failure, and potentially death.
• Note : Always check ingredient labels before sharing any food with your dog.

5. Alcohol

• Why It’s Toxic : Alcohol affects dogs similarly to humans but in much smaller quantities. It depresses the central nervous system and can lead to respiratory distress or coma.
• Symptoms : Vomiting, disorientation, difficulty breathing, seizures, and loss of coordination.
• Note : Keep alcoholic beverages out of reach at all times.

6. Avocado

• Why It’s Toxic : Avocados contain persin , a fungicidal toxin that can cause stomach upset in large amounts. The pit also poses a choking hazard.
• Symptoms : Vomiting, diarrhea, and in severe cases, fluid accumulation around the heart.
• Note : While the flesh of an avocado may not be as harmful as other parts, it’s safer to avoid feeding it altogether.

7. Macadamia Nuts

• Why They’re Toxic : The exact toxin in macadamia nuts is unknown, but ingestion can lead to significant neurological and muscular symptoms.
• Symptoms : Weakness, tremors, vomiting, fever, and inability to walk.
• Note : Symptoms typically appear within 12 hours after ingestion.

8. Raw Yeast Dough

• Why It’s Toxic : When ingested, raw yeast dough rises in the stomach, causing gas buildup and potentially leading to gastric rupture . The fermentation process also produces ethanol, resulting in alcohol poisoning.
• Symptoms : Bloating, abdominal pain, vomiting, and lethargy.
• Note : Fully baked bread is generally safe in small amounts, but raw dough should always be avoided.

9. Caffeine

• Why It’s Toxic : Caffeine stimulates the central nervous system and cardiovascular system in dogs, similar to the effects of chocolate.
• Symptoms : Restlessness, rapid breathing, heart palpitations, muscle tremors, and seizures.
• Sources : Coffee, tea, energy drinks, and some medications.

10. Fatty Foods (e.g., Bacon, Fried Foods)

• Why They’re Toxic : High-fat foods can trigger pancreatitis , an inflammation of the pancreas that can be life-threatening.
• Symptoms : Vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and lethargy.
• Note : Avoid giving your dog fatty table scraps.

11. Milk and Dairy Products

• Why They’re Toxic : Many dogs are lactose intolerant, meaning they lack the enzyme needed to digest lactose.
• Symptoms : Diarrhea, vomiting, and digestive upset.
• Note : Small amounts of cheese or yogurt may be tolerated by some dogs, but milk should generally be avoided.

12. Salt and Salty Snacks

• Why They’re Toxic : Excessive salt intake can lead to sodium ion poisoning .
• Symptoms : Vomiting, diarrhea, tremors, seizures, and high body temperature.
• Note : Chips, pretzels, and other salty snacks should be kept away from dogs.

13. Raw Meat and Eggs

• Why They’re Toxic : Raw meat and eggs can harbor harmful bacteria like Salmonella or E. coli . Raw eggs also contain avidin, which interferes with biotin absorption.
• Symptoms : Gastrointestinal upset, lethargy, and skin/coat issues.
• Note : Cooked meat and eggs are generally safe for dogs.

14. Cooked Bones

• Why They’re Toxic : Cooked bones can splinter and cause choking, intestinal blockages, or internal injuries.
• Symptoms : Choking, vomiting, and bloody stool.
• Note : Raw bones are safer but should still be given under supervision.

15. Nutmeg

• Why It’s Toxic : Nutmeg contains myristicin , which can be toxic to dogs in large amounts.
• Symptoms : Disorientation, increased heart rate, seizures, and hallucinations.
• Note : Avoid giving baked goods or dishes containing nutmeg.

What to Do If Your Dog Eats Something Toxic

If you suspect your dog has ingested a toxic food, act quickly:

1. Call Your Veterinarian : Provide details about what your dog ate, the quantity, and when it happened.
2. Contact Poison Control : Reach out to the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center (APCC) at (888) 426-4435 for guidance.
3. Do Not Induce Vomiting Without Advice : Some toxins can cause further harm if vomited improperly.
4. Monitor Symptoms : Watch for signs of illness and report them to your vet.

How to Prevent Accidental Ingestion

Prevention is key to keeping your dog safe. Here are some practical tips:

• Store toxic foods securely out of your dog’s reach.
• Educate family members and guests about foods to avoid sharing with pets.
• Use pet-proof trash cans to prevent scavenging.
• Always supervise your dog during outdoor activities where food might be accessible.

Final Thoughts

Your dog relies on you to make smart choices about their diet. By avoiding the toxic foods listed above and sticking to dog-safe treats, you can ensure your furry friend stays healthy and happy. Remember, when in doubt, consult your veterinarian before introducing new foods into your dog’s diet.

By prioritizing your dog’s well-being and staying informed, you’ll create a safe environment where your loyal companion can thrive. After all, a happy dog means a happy home!